The link of the daily lifestyle of humans to adapting the components surrounding it to serve and meet the requirements of humans. The machines became a part of daily activity, hardly there are no homes without one, institution or organization of some form of modern technology. With the development of science technology is developed in various fields so that digital devices and tools work side by side with humans in a new invention or the development and modernization of a previous achievement to get started integrative and connectivity. A feature of the modern era that connects people wherever they are.
The user of these devices and machines believes that their activity is characterized by intelligence whatever the size or degree of productivity of these devices. Since the term “machines Intelligence” has its roots in the sixteenth century when calculators appeared that performed small arithmetic operations in an integrated and correct manner, the idea of the computer in its current form began to emerge during the Second World War in 1938 Which is the first generation of computers ( Bauer, 2009).
And continuing to integrate human life with modern technologies emerged multiple terms some rely on the Internet as its main operator and others require a digital device only without the need for the Internet in the operating stage Perhaps one of the most important of these innovations is mentioned as acting and not as a matter of care internet stuff and virtual worlds, cloud storage, artificial intelligence, applications, software, and others. Due to these innovations or what might be called technology innovations, some of them are classified as open programs (Open-source software). Made it easier for the concluded or even amateur for digital transactions to negatively or positively affect the structure and content of these programs, The content of these programs, which required software production workers to introduce the principle of protection, is not intended to use viral control software and to protect it from the risks that may result from use. Which are four main aspects: bias, privacy, accountability, transparency, and these aspects can be activated through so-called governance or good management.
The concept of governance:
The concept of governance is a reaction to the accumulations of the impact of crises that have been experienced by the countries of the world, especially the so-called countries of the world (major) these crises began in 1772 across Europe, which were sparked by a British bank. This was followed by the 1929 crisis due to the collapse of the American stock market, then the 1973 crisis due to the ban on the export of oil to consuming countries, and then the 1997 crisis, which was caused by the Thai economy, and the subsequent collapse of the global economy was the beginning of 2002. These crises and other factors affecting the global economy led to the emergence of what is called governance, which Harvard Business Review referred to, that governance is a set of restrictions and laws that help control the activities of companies by monitoring decision makers such as the board of directors and regulating their relationship with shareholders and stakeholders. The concept can be simplified as reducing the dominance of decision-makers and officials in decision-making through the development of regulatory systems and laws inside and outside the environment in which work has been carried out with the aim of integrity and transparency and creating a positive and orderly work environment.
The term “governance” is not limited to companies or the economic aspect but rather goes beyond that to the governance of digital technology, the most important of which is artificial intelligence technology as one of the most prominent technological innovations. In order to clarify how artificial intelligence is governed, it is necessary first to identify the working mechanism of this technology, which has entered all areas of life.
Artificial intelligence:
There is no specific definition that can be generalized to artificial intelligence, but as a concept, it is a simulation of human intelligence that is generated from the experiences, ideas, and innovations of human beings, which are translated as an operating system for devices and tools through programming electronic particles. What is meant by the concept of the operating system here is the response to and execution of commands. The vision of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2030 sought to take into account the importance of artificial intelligence in several fields. Perhaps one of the features of this interest is the emergence of many governmental and non-governmental agencies interested in artificial intelligence technology, including the National Center for Artificial Intelligence, the Saudi Authority for Data and Artificial Intelligence, the National Information Center, the Office of Data and National Administration, the National Strategy for Data and Artificial Intelligence. In addition to the indirect parties whose priority is to pay attention to this technology, including King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, King Abdullah City for Science and Technology, and many other centers spread in the cities of the Kingdom.
Artificial intelligence issues and their wills:
While governance is referred to as good management, the artificial intelligence program is one of the most technological innovations in need of such management. He notes the Emirati newspaper, Al Bayan, saying that at a time when many countries are facing a crisis of confidence in the government, and belief in it, strengthening governance related to artificial intelligence is common on several levels, as is the treatment of failures in commercial and political governance. And as the CEO of Google said in 2018 (Artificial intelligence is one of the most important things humanity works on, it is more profound than electricity or fire) To this end, different concepts can be applied to ensure that artificial intelligence is not used in a way that conflicts with moral values. The governance of artificial intelligence works to reduce the amount of administrative corruption in many sectors that depend on this technology by providing opportunities for all with fairness and balance, and this is explained by the fact that governance works to prevent bias in making decisions. In the screening and selection stages
Governance also contributes to artificial intelligence management in a way that is commensurate with the values and ethics of society, especially if we know that artificial intelligence programs are produced by human beings. These programs are transparent while maintaining the privacy of the user
Vision 2030 Enhancing technology ambition:
The employment of artificial intelligence and many modern technologies in the vision of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2030 exceeds the limits of guesswork. From self-service devices to robots to smart cities, and perhaps NEOM is an example of this. Dr. Ibrahim Al-Musallam points out in his article, The Governance of Artificial Intelligence, that, with the Saudi state realizing that artificial intelligence is one of the main pillars of the fourth industrial wealth and the backbone of the future economy, the Kingdom announced its investment with an unprecedented budget of $500 billion to build the future “NEOM” city based on artificial intelligence and Other futuristic technologies such as the Internet of Things and robotics. The initiative also set a global precedent for Saudi Arabia as the first country to grant its citizenship to a robot. We are on the cusp of a new information wealth, whose success and failure determine how well we are prepared for it. There are currently legal systems and regulations that can absorb some problems indirectly, such as the cybercrime control system, the electronic transaction system, the commercial guarantee and the insurance of professional errors, but the next stage requires artificial intelligence legislation to ensure the application of the aforementioned principles during the stages of adoption and development of artificial intelligence systems, Therefore, to complete the necessary elements to activate them with the highest degree of efficiency.
In order to translate governance in its technical sense on the ground, official decree No. (35239) was issued on 7-17 1493 AH containing the approval to develop an integrated vision for the implementation of a national initiative to promote innovation, taking into account that the scope of the initiative includes the entire innovation system, which depends on modern technical fields Among the five most famous areas are computing, big data, Internet of things, artificial intelligence, electronic security, and computer programming, identifying areas of national importance that are focused on in the system, and identifying the entity responsible for its leadership; the roles and responsibilities of other entities therein; coordination mechanisms among them; Appropriate governance mechanism. In addition to the above, the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 highlighted the role of e-governance in achieving success in the field of e-governance by expanding the range of services provided via the Internet in both areas of employment and direct and rapid achievement in government services for various public security departments in addition to electronic payment services We aim to improve the Kingdom’s ranking according to several global indicators, such as the United Nations e-Government Index, to rise from (90) in 1424 AH to (30) in 1436 AH (Kingdom’s Vision 2030, p. 67).
Overall: Artificial Intelligence Governance is skilled management and organization of the Knights of Modern Technology through which digital work is controlled and its risks are reduced through transparency and awareness of responsibility under the misleading laws, regulations, and decisions that aim at quality and excellence in performance. All this gives the green light without barriers or restrictions in questioning decision makers to highlight the facts about any manipulation or attempt to waste government funds or public funds. On the other hand, the governance of artificial intelligence is an opportunity to introduce competition between the producers of the program and the mechanisms of artificial intelligence for banks, hospitals, airports, or any other service body related to serving the public citizen. This was confirmed by the aspirations, forums, and meetings of the rational administration in the Kingdom, which is working on a program to strengthen the work governance of the digital system by expanding the range of electronic services provided to include other services such as geographic information systems, health and education services and improving the quality of electronic services by facilitating procedures Diversity of communication channels and support for electronic applications such as the electronic calculator, data sharing platform, human management systems, and strengthening the governance of electronic services.
Reference :
- Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 (pp. 53-67).
- Muslim, Ibrahim (2020). Artificial Intelligence Governance. Article published via the link:
https://www.nmthgiat.com/author/ialmosallam - Bauer, Friedrich L. (2009). Origins and Foundations of Computing: In Cooperation with Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78.
- Elissa Amiko (2019). The challenge of artificial intelligence governance. Published via the Emirati newspaper Alyan via the link: https://www.nmthgiat.com/author/ialmosallam